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NEWARK LIBERTY NEW JERSEY
EWR Hotel and Parking Package at Special Discounted Rates
NEWARK LIBERTY AIRPORT PARK AND FLY HOTELS AND PARKING PACKAGE (EWR)
Newark Liberty New Jersey International Airport Information
Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR, KEWR, EWR), first named Newark
Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international airport
within the city limits of both Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey, United
States (although it is entirely owned by the city of Newark). It is about 15
miles (24 km) southwest of Midtown Manhattan (New York City).
The airport is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey,
which also manages the two other major airports in the New York/New Jersey
metropolitan area, John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) and LaGuardia
Airport (LGA), in addition to three smaller airports, Stewart International
Airport, Teterboro Airport and the Downtown Manhattan Heliport. Newark is
the tenth busiest airport in the United States and the nation's fifth
busiest international air gateway; JFK ranks first.[3]
Newark Liberty is the second-largest hub, after George Bush Intercontinental
Airport in Houston, for Continental Airlines, which is the airport's largest
tenant (operating all of Terminal C and part of Terminal A). Primarily due
to this large hub operation, Continental Airlines is by far the leading
carrier in the New York market.[4] Once the merger between Continental and
United Airlines is complete, Newark will be the third largest hub for United
Airlines. Newark's second largest tenant is FedEx Express, which operates
its third largest cargo hub from the airport. FedEx operates from three
buildings on two million square feet within the airport complex.[5]
In 2010, Newark Airport handled 33.1 million passengers,[1] compared with
JFK's 46.5 million[1] and LaGuardia's just under 24.0 million. In total,
approximately 104 million passengers used New York-area airports in 2010,
making the New York-area the busiest airport system in the United States in
terms of passenger numbers and second in the world behind London.
Newark Airport was the first major airport in the New York area: it opened
on October 1, 1928, occupying an area of New Jersey marshland filled with
dredged soil.[6]
In 1935, Amelia Earhart dedicated the Newark Airport Administration
Building, which was North America's first commercial airline terminal.
Newark was the busiest airport in the world until LaGuardia Airport opened
in 1939, dividing New York's air traffic and allowing Chicago Midway
International Airport to take the lead in some years thereafter. Newark was
temporarily closed to passenger traffic and taken over by the United States
Army for logistics operations during World War II. In 1945, captured German
aircraft brought from Europe on the HMS Reaper for evaluation under
Operation Lusty, were off-loaded at Newark AAF and then either flown or
shipped to Freeman Field, Indiana or Naval Air Station Patuxent River,
Maryland.
Airline traffic resumed after the war; in 1948 the Port Authority of New
York and New Jersey took over the airport, later making major investments in
new hangars, a new terminal and runway 4/22. The art deco Administration
Building served as the main terminal until the opening of the North Terminal
in 1953, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
On 16 Dec 1951 a passenger C-46 lost a cylinder on takeoff from runway 28
and crashed in Elizabeth, killing 56. On 22 Jan 1952 an American Airlines
Convair on approach to runway 6 crashed in Elizabeth, killing 30. On 11 Feb
1952 a National DC-6 crashed in Elizabeth after takeoff from runway 24,
killing 33.[7] Inevitably the airport was closed for some months; airline
traffic resumed later in the year, but the airport's continued unpopularity
and the New York area's growing air traffic led to searches for new airport
sites. A new international airport to serve the New York City area would
have been built in what is now the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge,
however local protests defeated the plan.[8]
The April 1957 Official Airline Guide showed 144 weekday passenger
fixed-wing departures from Newark: 40 Eastern, 19 Capital, 16 American, 14
United, 14 Mohawk, 13 Allegheny, 11 TWA, 8 National, 5 Delta and 4 Braniff.
National had a nonstop to Miami, Eastern had nonstops to Miami, New Orleans
and Houston, Braniff had a nonstop DC-7C to Dallas and TWA flew nonstop to
St Louis; no other nonstops to points west of Chicago, and no international
nonstops. (Eastern started a nonstop to Montreal in 1958, probably Newark's
first scheduled international nonstop since 1939.) Jet airliners arrived in
1961; in 1964 American and TWA started flying nonstop to California, though
Newark's longest runway remained 7,000 ft (2,100 m) until 1970.
In the 1970s the airport underwent a significant enlargement, including the
construction of the current Terminals A, B, and C, and was renamed Newark
International Airport. Terminals A and B opened in 1973, although some
charter and international flights requiring customs clearance remained at
the North Terminal. The main building of Terminal C was completed at the
same time, but only metal framing work was done on the terminal's
satellites, and it lay dormant until the mid-1980s, when for a brief time
the west third of the terminal was equipped for international arrivals and
used for certain People Express transcontinental flights. Terminal C was
fully completed and opened to the public in June 1988.
Underutilized throughout the 1970s, Newark expanded dramatically in the
1980s. People Express struck a deal with the Port Authority to use the North
Terminal as both its air terminal and corporate office in 1981 and began
operations at Newark that year. It quickly rose to become one of the largest
American airlines, steadily increasing Newark's traffic through most of the
1980s. Virgin Atlantic Airways began flights from Newark to London in 1984,
challenging JFK's status as New York's international gateway (however,
Virgin Atlantic now has more flights going out of JFK than out of Newark).
Federal Express (Now known as FedEx Express) opened its second hub at the
airport in 1986.[5] When People Express was merged into Continental in 1987,
operations at the North Terminal were greatly reduced, and the building was
demolished to make way for cargo facilities in the early 1990s. Newark has
remained a hub for Continental.
Today, Continental has its Global Gateway at Terminal C, having completed a
major expansion project that included the construction of a new, third
concourse and a new Federal Inspection Services facility. With its Newark
hub, Continental is the largest provider of air service to the New York
metropolitan area.
United Airlines Flight 93 pushed back from gate A17 at 8:01 am, on its way
from Newark to San Francisco International Airport, on September 11, 2001.
Two hours later it would crash into a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania,
when passengers attempted to take over the plane from a team of hijackers.
Based on the direction that the plane was flying at the time and information
gathered afterwards, most observers [9] believe that the hijackers intended
to crash the plane into a target in Washington, D.C., such as the Capitol or
White House. To honor the victims that died on September 11, in 2002 the
airport's name was changed from Newark International Airport to Newark
Liberty International Airport. This name was chosen over the initial
proposal, Liberty International Airport at Newark, and refers to the
landmark Statue of Liberty, just 7 miles (11 km) east of the
airport.[10][11]
Further information: September 11, 2001 attacks
In 2001, Newark Liberty International Airport became the terminus of the
world's longest non-stop scheduled airline route, Continental's service to
Hong Kong. Continental began flying from Newark to Beijing on June 15, 2005
and Delhi on November 1, 2005. When these services began, Continental became
for a time the only airline to serve India nonstop from the United States,
and the third U.S. carrier, after United and Northwest to serve mainland
China nonstop and the first U.S. carrier to offer nonstop flights to Beijing
from New York. On July 16, 2007, Continental Airlines announced that it
would seek government approval for nonstop flights between Newark and
Shanghai in 2009. In September 2007, the United States Department of
Transportation tentatively awarded Continental the right to fly to Shanghai
from Newark beginning March 25, 2009 using Boeing 777-200ER aircraft.
Since June 2008 flight caps restricting the number of flights to 81 per hour
have been in use. The flight caps, which were only in effect until 2009, are
intended to be a short-term solution to Newark Airport's congestion
problem.[12]
Facilities
Newark Liberty International Airport covers 2,027 acres (820 ha) and has
three runways and one helipad:
* Runway 4L/22R: 11,000 x 150 ft (3,353 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt/Concrete
* Runway 4R/22L: 10,000 x 150 ft (3,048 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
* Runway 11/29: 6,800 x 150 ft (2,073 x 46 m), Surface: Asphalt
* Helipad H1: 40 x 40 ft (12 x 12 m), Surface: Concrete
Runway 11/29 is part of the original paved runway system developed in the
1940s. In 1952, original Runways 1/19 and 6/24 were closed in response to
concerns about obstructions and noise, and a modern Runway 4/22 (now 4R/22L)
was commissioned at a length of 7,000 ft (2,100 m) This runway was later
extended to 9,800 feet (3,000 m), shortened for a while to 9,300 ft (2,800
m) and finally brought to its present length by 2000. Runway 4L/22R opened
in 1970 at a length of 8,200 ft (2,500 m) and was extended to its current
dimensions by 2000.
All approaches except Runway 29 are equipped with Instrument Landing
Systems, and Runway 4R is certified for Category III ILS approaches.
Most departing traffic use Runway 4L/22R while most arriving traffic use
4R/22L, and 11/29 is used more often by smaller aircraft or when there are
strong crosswinds on the two main runways. Newark's two parallel runways (4L
and 4R) have a lateral separation of only 900 feet (270 m), which is the
fourth smallest of major airports in the U.S., after SFO, LAX and SEA.[13]
(Calculated from the lat-lons at [14] the parallel runways are 950 ft (290
m) Terminals
Airport Traffic Control Tower
Foreground: Terminal C; background: the skylines of Manhattan and Jersey
City
Terminal A at night in 2005
New York City skyline from Terminal C
Newark Liberty International Airport has three passenger terminals. Terminal
A and Terminal B were completed in 1973 and have four levels. Ticket
counters are on the top floor, except for the second-floor Air India and
first-floor British Airways desks. Gates and shops are on the third floor.
An international arrivals lounge (Terminal B) and baggage carousels (both A
and B) are on the second floor. Finally, short-term parking and ramp
operations (restricted areas) are on the ground floor.
Terminal C, completed in 1988, has two ticketing levels, one for
international check-in and one for domestic check-in. Upon opening, Terminal
C had 41 gates, originally with one departures level, one arrivals level,
and an underground parking garage. The gates, as well as food and shopping
outlets, are located on a mezzanine level between the two check-in floors.
From 1998 to 2003, Terminal C was renovated and expanded in a $1.2 billion
program known as the Continental Airlines Global Gateway Project.[15] The
project doubled the available space for outbound travelers as the former
baggage claim/arrivals hall was remodeled and turned into a second
departures level. Probably most significant was the addition of
International Concourse C-3, a spacious and airy new facility with capacity
for a maximum of 19 narrowbody aircraft (or 12 widebody planes). Completion
of this new concourse brought Terminal C's total number of mainline jet
gates to 57. Concomitant with Concourse C-3 is a new international arrivals
facility. Also included in the project: a 3,400-space parking garage
constructed in front of the terminal, a new airside corridor connecting
Concourses C-1, C-2, and C-3, a new President's Club lounge between C-2 and
C-3, and all-new baggage processing facilities, including reconstruction of
the former underground parking area into a new baggage claim and arrivals
hall.
As of 2008, Terminal B is being renovated to increase capacity for departing
passengers and passenger comfort. The renovations include expanding and
updating the ticketing areas, building a new departure level for domestic
flights, and building a new arrivals hall.[16] Plans are also in place to
expand Terminal A by adding a new parking garage and radically expanding the
size of the first concourse to add new gates, ticketing, baggage and
security areas.
Each terminal has three concourses: Terminal A, for instance, is divided
into concourses A1, A2, and A3. Gate numbering is continuous through all the
terminals. Wayfinding signage throughout the terminals was designed by Paul
Mijksenaar.[18]
Terminal A is the only terminal having no immigration facilities: flights
arriving from other countries cannot use Terminal A (except countries with
US customs preclearance), although some departing international flights use
the terminal.
Following the business model of the Port Authority's other facilities, in
some cases entire terminals are operated by terminal operators and not by
the Port Authority directly. At Newark Liberty, Terminal A is operated by
United Airlines and Terminal C is operated by Continental Airlines. Terminal
B is the only passenger terminal directly operated by the Authority.
When Continental's merger with United is complete, Newark will become a
major northeast hub for the combined carrier. Newark will become the third
largest hub for United Airlines, after Houston's George Bush
Intercontinental Airport and Chicago's O'Hare International Airport.Newark
is an intermodal airport. A monorail system, AirTrain Newark, connects the
terminals with the Newark Liberty International Airport Rail Link Station
for connection to Amtrak and New Jersey Transit service. Passengers can use
this connection to travel from EWR to any station along New Jersey Transit's
Northeast Corridor Line or North Jersey Coast Line, including regional
transit hubs such as New York City's Penn Station.
Continental Airlines uses this rail connection to book passengers through
Newark to 30th Street Station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Wilmington
Station in Wilmington, Delaware; Penn Station in New York City; Stamford
Station in Stamford, Connecticut; and Union Station in New Haven,
Connecticut.
The monorail is free for use between all stations, but passengers wishing to
exit or enter the Rail Link station must pay a fee. NJ Transit tickets to or
from the Rail Link station that are sold at ticket windows and vending
machines automatically include this fee. Tickets purchased on a train will
not allow passengers to enter the Rail Link station; they will have to pay
the fee at the station.
[edit] Other connections
Numerous bus services run between Newark Liberty and nearby population
centers, including New Jersey Transit, Airporter, and Olympia Trails.
Express buses to Manhattan transit hubs (Grand Central Terminal, Port
Authority Bus Terminal, etc.), and a bus service to JFK Airport are also
available.
The airport is also served by a number of New Jersey Transit buses,
providing local service from downtown Newark, including Newark Penn Station,
Irvington, Lakewood and Toms River.
Taxis also operate from the airport at flat rates based on destination. From
the City of New York, fares are set by New York City's Taxi and Limousine
Commission. Newark Liberty, along with destinations in Nassau and
Westchester Counties, is one of the exceptions to the rule that a New York
City taxi driver may refuse to take a passenger to any destination outside
the five boroughs.
Continental Airlines also books passengers via Trans-Bridge Lines to Lehigh
Valley International Airport in Allentown, Pennsylvania, a 90-minute trip.
There are also private limousine and car service companies providing service
to the airport.
U.S. Route 1/9 is the main access road that allows motorists to gain access
to the airport. Routes 1/9 provide connections to Route 81 and Interstate
78, both of which have interchanges with the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate
95) at Exit 13A and 14, respectively.
[edit] Accommodations
Within Newark Liberty International Airport's complex is a Marriott hotel,
the only hotel located on the airport's property.[22] Shuttle vans stop at
all terminals to transport guests to the hotel because the Marriott is not
serviced by the monorail and is not physically connected to any terminal.
There are also a variety of hotels located adjacent to Newark Airport
including the Hilton Newark Airport Hotel and Renaissance Newark Airport
Hotel.
[edit] Airport information
Airport information can be obtained in several ways both before traveling to
the airport and while there. In addition to the Web site listed below,
travelers may call the airport at +1-973-961-6000 or from within the United
States and Canada, toll-free at 888-EWR-INFO (397-4636).
In the immediate vicinity of the airport, parking and other information can
be obtained by tuning to a highway advisory radio station at 530 AM.
Newark Airport, along with LaGuardia and Kennedy airports, uses a uniform
style of signing throughout the airport properties. Yellow signs direct
passengers to airline gates, ticketing and other flight services; green
signs direct passengers to ground transportation services, and black signs
lead to restrooms, telephones and other passenger amenities.
New York City traffic reporter Bernie Wagenblast provides the voice for the
airport's phone system, radio station and curbside announcements, as well as
the messages heard onboard AirTrain Newark and in its stations.
Categories: Airports in New Jersey | Port Authority of New York and New
Jersey | Elizabeth, New Jersey | Transportation in Newark, New Jersey |
United Airlines Flight 93 | USAAF Air Transport Command Airfields - North
America | Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in New Jersey |
Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks | Buildings and structures in Union
County, New Jersey | Buildings and structures in Newark, New Jersey
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